The ecological monitoring of soils condition. (Lesson 9)

Lesson 9

The Ecological Monitoring of Soils Condition

Migration and accumulation of chemical substances in the landscape are largely

Soil is the only component of the landscape, which arises from

All the pollutants into the air or water, are deposited on

As the main landscape component, soil can be considered as an

On the other hand, contaminated soils themselves are sources of secondary

The quality of soils/substrates and their toxicity is determined by the

Physical-chemical parameters of soils are included in the list of the

Particle size classifications used by different countries, diameters in μm

Russian classification of mechanical components of soil
(Н. А. Качинский, 1958)

Classification of soils according to texture (Н. А. Качинский, 1958)

In the United States, twelve soil texture classifications are defined by

The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity

Acidity in soils comes from H+ and Al3+ ions in the soil

The neutral soil reaction corresponds to a pH of 6.1-7.4.
If

The United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly

Map of soil acidity (T. Hengl)

Soil organic matter

It can be divided into three general pools:

humus (coined 1790–1800; from the Latin humus: earth, ground) refers to

Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is

Biogenic elements (N, P, K, Ca ctr.),
Macroelements (Si, Na, Mg

The six most common elements associated with organic molecules—carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen,

Thus, contamination results in:

Changing the physical and chemical characteristics of

The methods of soils investigation

Main soil horizons

Soil profiles are studied at monitoring stations.
Description of

The chemical composition of soils is the specific indicator of anthropogenic

Taking, storage and transportation of soil samples are carried out in

ГОСТ 17.4.4.02-84

EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, REAGENTS
Shovels by ГОСТ 19596—74. Knives for soil by

The sample is taken from each genetic horizon –
the material

Sample from two horizons: Peaty & humic horizon О /А0А1 (Ат)

A sample from each of the two layers О/Ат and T

Sampling of soil is carried out by the envelope or by

Weight of a point sample is not less than 1 kg

Soil samples taking for analysis of hydrocarbons, are placed in plastic

The list of contaminants measured in samples of soils According to

Resolution of the Government YaNAO from 14.02.2013 N 56-P (as amended

The list of laboratory analyses of soils

* - Cu, Zn, Ni,

The regional geochemical background of soil

The rule of calculation of the

Content of chemical elements in soils of Zapadno-Jarojachinskoe petroleum field, mg/kg

Distribution of HC in soils of Zapadno-Jarojachinskoe petroleum field, mg/kg

Percent Distribution of PAH
in soils of Zapadno-Jarojachinskoe petroleum

Total Coefficient of Soil Pollution

where: Сi опр – value

The indexes of total pollution of landscape components are calculated. The

Distribution of Soil Pollution
Index

allowable degree of pollution, weak level of

Method of the main component of the factorial analysis

It is revealed