Epistemology problems new age philosophy (XVII-XVIII)

Июль 29, 2022

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Epistemology problems new age philosophy (XVII-XVIII)

Содержание

2. Historical conditions Specific Development of capitalism; Social revolutions; Weakness of influence of church. Philosophy start to
3. EMPIRICISM RATIONALISM “empirio”- Lat. experience The one source of knowledge is experience, when all surrounding world
4. Key word: Cognition – totality of processes & methods of discovering knowledge about phenomena & regularities
5. Deduction – process of logical conclusion from general to particular Induction – conclusion from particular to
6. Representatives of empiricism Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) John Locke (1632-1704) George Berkley (1685-1753)
7. Representatives of rationalism: Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Baruch B. Spinoza (1632-1677) Rene Des Cartes (1596-1650)
8. Real knowledge is based on sensual experience. Francis Bacon Where is from the false knowledge? !
9. Idols of Cognition Idols of Kin Idols of Cave Idols of Marketplace Idols of Theatre
10. Ways of acquiring knowledge
11. John Locke Tabula rasa There is nothing in the mind which was not present in our
12. Simple idea Forming of complex ideas: 1. combination. 2. comparison. 3. abstracting. Can`t be false Error
13. David Hume 1711-1766 We have no any reason to think that phenomenon A is a reason
14. Classical rationalism Classical rationalism – real knowledge can be derived only from the pure reason, not
15. Rene Des Cartes Method of cognition 1. Truth to be considered the thing which don’t give
16. Science system according Des Cartes metaphysics physics All another sciences
17. ONTOLOGY - studies about being, first bases and structures of reality SUBSTANCE – primary bases of
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Слайд 2

Historical conditions
Specific
Development of capitalism;
Social revolutions;
Weakness of influence of church.
Philosophy start

to base on science;
Problem of perception became primary;
Struggle between empiricism and rationalism.

Слайд 3

EMPIRICISM
RATIONALISM
“empirio”- Lat. experience
The one source of knowledge is experience, when

all surrounding world influences our senses (sensualism)
Francis Bacon
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
George Berkley
David Hume

“ratio” – Lat. Mind
Real knowledge possible only from reason (mind), not from experience
Existing of’ “inborn ideas”, from which logically all knowledge can be taken out.
Rene Des Cartes
Baruch B. Spinoza
Wilhelm Leibniz

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Key word:
Cognition –
totality of processes & methods of discovering knowledge about

phenomena & regularities (rules) of objective world

Слайд 5

Deduction – process of logical conclusion from general to particular
Induction –

conclusion from particular to general .

Слайд 6

Representatives of empiricism
Francis Bacon
(1561-1626)
Thomas Hobbes
(1588-1679)
John Locke
(1632-1704)
George Berkley
(1685-1753)

Слайд 7

Representatives of rationalism:
Wilhelm Leibniz
(1646-1716)
Baruch B. Spinoza
(1632-1677)
Rene Des Cartes
(1596-1650)

Слайд 8

Real knowledge is based on sensual experience.
Francis Bacon
Where is from

the false knowledge?

False knowledge is the results of:

Hurried & too general conclusions

Speculative thinking without empirical experience

Specific mistakes of thinking (idols)

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Idols of Cognition
Idols of Kin
Idols of Cave
Idols of Marketplace
Idols

of Theatre

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Ways of acquiring knowledge

Слайд 11

John Locke
Tabula rasa
There is nothing in the mind which was not

present in our senses before.

Ideas of person

Simple

Complicated

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Simple idea
Forming of complex ideas:
1. combination.
2. comparison.
3. abstracting.
Can`t be false
Error probable

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David Hume
1711-1766
We have no any reason to think that phenomenon A

is a reason of phenomenon B, only because
we observed many times that B comes after A.

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Classical rationalism
Classical rationalism
– real knowledge can be derived only from the

pure reason, not from sensual experience.

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Rene Des Cartes
Method of cognition
1. Truth to be considered the thing

which don’t give rise to doubts.
2. To divide all complicated problems on the simple ones.
3. To come from known to unknown? From simple to more complicated.
4. To involve everything in logical chains of research.

«Cogito ergo sum» — «Think, then, exist»

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Science system according Des Cartes
metaphysics
physics
All another sciences

Слайд 17

ONTOLOGY
- studies about being, first bases and structures of reality
SUBSTANCE

– primary bases of being; existing in itself, doesn’t need anything else for its explanation

Epistemology problems new age philosophy (XVII-XVIII)

Содержание

Historical conditionsSpecificDevelopment of capitalism;Social revolutions;Weakness of influence of church. Philosophy start

EMPIRICISMRATIONALISM“empirio”- Lat. experience The one source of knowledge is experience, when

Key word:Cognition – totality of processes & methods of discovering knowledge about

Deduction – process of logical conclusion from general to particularInduction –

Representatives of empiricismFrancis Bacon(1561-1626)Thomas Hobbes(1588-1679)John Locke(1632-1704)George Berkley(1685-1753)

Representatives of rationalism:Wilhelm Leibniz(1646-1716)Baruch B. Spinoza(1632-1677)Rene Des Cartes(1596-1650)

Real knowledge is based on sensual experience. Francis BaconWhere is from

Idols of Cognition Idols of Kin Idols of CaveIdols of MarketplaceIdols

Ways of acquiring knowledge

John LockeTabula rasaThere is nothing in the mind which was not

Simple ideaForming of complex ideas:1. combination.2. comparison.3. abstracting.Can`t be falseError probable

David Hume1711-1766We have no any reason to think that phenomenon A

Classical rationalismClassical rationalism– real knowledge can be derived only from the

Rene Des CartesMethod of cognition1. Truth to be considered the thing

Science system according Des CartesmetaphysicsphysicsAll another sciences

ONTOLOGY - studies about being, first bases and structures of realitySUBSTANCE

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